A Short Note On Unsecured Loans And Unsecured Loan

Secured And Unsecured Loans In Bankruptcy By Christopher M | Submitted On June 27, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Christopher M When it comes to taking out a loan, you should know they are not all the same. There are many types of loans and the terms and conditions of a loan can vary greatly. Different types of loans each have their own benefits and risks. The terms of a secured loan can be stricter than an unsecured loan. One of the main differences between these two types of loans is how debt collection efforts are handled in the event you default on your loan payments. Your debt repayment options may be managed differently in a secured loan than an unsecured loan. In the event of an extended financial hardship, you may not be eligible to have certain types of loans eliminated through bankruptcy. Secured Loans Most major loan purchases, such as your home or car, are called secured loans. They are called secured loans because the debts acquired under this type of loan are secured against collateral. A mortgage loan is considered a secured loan. In a mortgage loan, the lender has the right to repossess the home if you default on your payments. Defaulting onShow MoreRelatedEssay On Cash Advance783 Words   |  4 Pagesa cash advance is essentially the same as a payday loan. The loan amounts are similar, typically less than $500 although some lenders offer larger loans. The loans are usually repaid in a lump sum; repayment may be scheduled 14 to 30 days after the loan is finalized. Cash advances are sometimes called paycheck advances, personal cash advances or payday cash advances. Whether the lender chooses to call the product a cash advance or a payday loan depends on the lenders preference and may reflectRead MorePayday Loans : Loan Loans930 Words   |  4 Pagesoffer installment loans as well as payday loans, the two products are quite different. Payday loans require repayment in full within a very short time, which can be as little as 14 days. Installment loans, however, are repaid through multiple monthly payments. Many different lenders, including credit unions and banks, offer personal installment loans. When the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, also known as the CFPB, released proposed guidelines for regulating payday loans, the agency also includedRead Morebank 3012585 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿9: Woodside Petroleum Limited is about to raise additional short-term funding to meet its funding needs over the next three-month planning period. It is considering issuing commercial bills or promissory notes. (a) What is a promissory note? Identify and briefly explain the roles of the parties to a P-note issue. (b) What are the main differences between P-notes and commercial bills of exchange? A promissory note, which typically has a maturity of 90 days, is described as ‘an unconditionalRead MoreEssay about Casa de Diseno910 Words   |  4 PagesUnsecuured sources 1. Short-term selft-liquidating bank loans It helps the firm through seasonal peaks in financing needs that are due to primarily buildups of inventory and accounts receivable. As the firm converts inventories and receivables to cash, the funds needed to retire these loans are generated. 2. Single-payment bank notes It can be obtained from a commercial bank by a creditworthy bussiness borrower. It is usually one time loan for a short period (30 days - 9 months)Read MoreCasa de Diseno Essay665 Words   |  3 Pagesfinancing available include both unsecured and secured sources. 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The loan must often be paid in fullRead MoreBlackstone and the Sale of Citigroups Loan Portfolio3649 Words   |  15 PagesCITIGROUP’S LOAN PORTFOLIO Market Conditions (I) †¢ Corporate credit expansion in the U.S. between 2001 and the first half of 2007 was driven almost exclusively by the inflow of institutional (non-bank) funding into the syndicated loan market. †¢ The participation of a wide range of institutional investors (including structured funds known as collateralized loans obligations (CLOs), hedge funds, mutual funds, pension funds, and insurance companies) in the corporate loan market was facilitated by loan syndicationRead MoreThe Growth of Capitec Bank1628 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness and invest more on employees. Social Objectives is to develop the communities. The short to medium term (1 to 5 years) is to grow the footprint, number of clients, market share, low credit cost, education and employment. To grow the footprint with approximately 75 branches per year, no standing on ATM’s and internet banking. Increase the number of clients with unique personal services, home loans and credit card. Increase the market share by becoming the leading retail bank in South AfricaRead MoreCost Financing And Equity Financing1559 Words   |  7 Pagesend result would be the same. However, that is not the case. Debt financing and equity financing have significant differences in how they affect the business’s bottom line and in how they are acquired. For instance, the interest paid on a business loan (option for debt financing) is tax deductible, therefore decreasing the amount of taxable income and increasing overall profits, where equity financing (dividend interest) is not. So why wouldn’t you use just debt you ask? Because yo u need your businessRead MoreAmerican Transmission Systems, Incorporated )1306 Words   |  6 Pages Additionally, in October 2015, ATSI (American Transmission Systems, Incorporated) â€Å"issued in total $150 million of senior notes: $75 million of 4.00% senior notes due April 2026 and $75 million of 5.23% senior notes due October 2045. The proceeds resulting from the issuance of the senior notes were used: (i) to fund capital expenditures, including with respect to ATSI’s transmission expansion plans; (ii) for working capital needs and other general business purposes; and (iii) to repay borrowingsRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Mabati Rolling Mills Production1151 Words   |  5 Pagesexpansion of the Mabati Rolling Mills production in 1999, the company considered four options to amass funds for their Continuous Galvanizing Line. The first is issuing commercial paper. Commercial paper refers to a short-term promissory note that has the following characteristics: †¢ Unsecured- this means that MRM requires no collateral from those issued with commercial paper. It is offered on goodwill. †¢ Is paid at a specific date †¢ Has specified amount (par/face value). †¢ It falls within the capital

The Just Punishments in Dante’s Inferno - 1041 Words

The Just Punishments in Dante’s Inferno Inferno, written by Dante in the early fourteenth century, is a poem about Dante’s, the main characters, journey through Hell and signifies the nature of sin on Earth and punishment in Hell (Gardner et al online). Those who sinned while on Earth are justly condemned to different levels of punishments in Hell, relative to their sins on Earth. Each of the nine circles of Hell represents a worse sin, and therefore, a crueler punishment. The categorized punishments in Hell that Dante Alighieri assigns are symbolically fair and representative of the sins committed on Earth, given the time period and Christian values context from which this poem was written. The first inhabitants, just outside of†¦show more content†¦Those who act upon their lustful desires do not care about anything preventing their actions, just as a raging storm does not care what it destroys in its path. The seventh circle of Hell is inhabited by the violent. Those who were physically violent towards others while on Earth are justly sentenced to an eternity of being submerged in boiling blood. The river of blood - in which boils everyone. Whose violence hurt others (Inferno XII 41-42) describes the perfect punishment for those who were violent towards others. Each of these souls is subjected to a different level of agony; those who killed one person stand only with their legs in the boiling blood, however, tyrants, like Alexander, are completely submerged. These individuals are now eternally submerged in the blood that they lusted after and shed during life. The boiling blood, which they are depressed in, is also representative of their blood while on Earth, simmering with rage and passion when they committed their violent sin. The endless torment of being immersed in a ghastly pool of heated blood is a just punishment for those who commit the crime of violence and murder. The torments that sinners are subjected to in Inferno may seem extreme to some modern readers, given the liberal advances in societys views of moral norms. However, given the time period and religious context from which this poem wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Dante ´s Inferno Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesDante’s Inferno is a very important piece of literature. There are many things to be learned from it, from the face value knowledge that Hell is a bad place, to a deeper understanding of how God intended us to live; but the most important lesson to be learned here is the power of allegory. Nancy Thuleen says this about it. â€Å"Dantes portrayal of Hell in the Inferno is an undisputed masterpiece of visual and allegorical imagery, enriched not only by extensive use of figurative language, but by concreteRead MoreThe Story in Dantes Inferno910 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story Dante’s Inferno we as readers get to experience hell in a whole light. Throughout the narrative we find out that hell is not only what we know of it from the Christian bible. According to Dante Hell is a complex situation that is nothing like anything we have read earlier. There are many people who have read at least some portion of the Holy Bible. Whether it be because of personal reasons or educational ones, the holy bible most read (and sold) books in existence. Through readingRead MoreWhos Hell is this Anyway? Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagescentury, wrote in the Inferno of his journey through hell. Virgil, an ancient roman poet of the Augustan period, wrote the Aeneid that tells the legendary story of Aeneas. Within both of these poems there was a visit to the underworld, creating a skewed picture of the underworld. THESIS After becoming lost in his ways of life, Dante introduces his first character, Virgil. By introducing Virgil, Dante is foreshadowing for the thought process of the Aeneid in relation to the Inferno. 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The systems theory is a model that explores the intertwined aspects of a given civilization. Dante’s Inferno details aspects of the systems theory that can be used to better understandRead MoreDantes Voyage Through Hell1490 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno was written by Dante Alighieri around 1314 and depicts the poet’s imaginary journey through Hell. Dante spent his life traveling from court to court both lecturing and writing down his experiences. His Divine Comedy – the three-part epic poem con sisting of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso (Hell, Purgatory and Heaven)– is generally regarded as one of the greatest poetic feats ever accomplished. All three parts are incredible literary feats with symbolism so complex and beautiful thatRead MoreSympathy for the Devil in Nathaniel Hawthrone ´s The Scarlet Letter725 Words   |  3 Pagesassociations, one of the most well-known displays of him being in Dante Alighieri’s epic poem, Inferno and Peter Cook’s comedic film, Bedazzled. In these two depictions, the devil is shown malicious yet tragic figure, although his reaction his punishments vary. Satan, as in most pieces of literature and media, is depicted as a root of evil in the Inferno and Bedazzled. In Dante’s Inferno, the deepest circle of the Inferno is represented by the sin of treason, where Satan and three others are trapped in a frozenRead MoreThe Influence of Dantes Inferno Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pages Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy is an epic poem that begins with the Inferno. The Inferno is an extremely influential part of European literature. The structure of story is for many people a piece of the vision of Hell. Religiously, this poem has had great prevalence. Dante paints a picture of the Hell that is both unsettling and justifiable. A whole world is created through his poem. The levels and intensity of sin is pondered. Crime is put to a level of small to large scale. ThoseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Comedia 947 Words   |  4 Pagesbest known for his critically acclaimed epic poem, Comedà ¬a, which would later be called The Divine Comedy. Comedà ¬a has 3 parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The first installment, Inferno, may currently be the most well known of the three poems, spawning countless reprints, several movies and even a video game. Despite being known as a comedy, anyone who has read Inferno realizes that the story is full of symbolism, double entendres, political messages, allusions, religious undertones†¦ the listRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, Islam, and Dante ´s: What Are We? Essay817 Words   |  4 Pages Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Dante’s: What are we? The Inferno is the first part of Dante Alighieris epic three-part poem, The Divine Comedy. In this poem, Dante develops many themes throughout the adventures of his travelers from political to religious. The Inferno is a poem that Dante used to explain and show his ideas of Gods divine justice. Throughout this story religion comes up and shows the comparison of the different Hells and beliefs. This paper develops the connections

Religion and Faith in Literature Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Ahijah clearly informed Jeroboam that God wants him to rule over these tribes because they have indulged themselves into idolatry and have disobeyed God and now God has chosen Jeroboam as their savior and guide. Solomon wanted to kill Jeroboam when he heard of this and Jeroboam escaped to Egypt to avoid any mishap and danger of being killed. He remained there until the death of Solomon and when he came back he found out that Rehoboam is the king of the land. This act of Solomon shall fall under the dismissal and ignoring the plain facts dimensions of lie as explained by Ericsson. Rehoboam and Jeroboam are two very important characters in the Bible. Their story teaches us an important lesson regarding the attainment of success and failure in this world. Throughout the story we learnt how a nation lost everything when it lost its connection to God and detached itself from the path of truth. These worldly treasures and gains are so minor in value and so temporary in nature and we striv e for them throughout our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion and Faith in Literature or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now We never think of pleasing God as much as we think of collecting and gathering more and more wealth. Telling of Lies in Media With increasing competition and growing globalization, market players worldwide have pushed the fences of ethics and morality way beyond the mark where they used to be originally. Media is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Let’s take the big screen for example and talk about Hollywood. It did not take Hollywood too long to shift its focus from action packed thrillers to step into the world of â€Å"sci-fi† movies. As per the critics and audience as well, Hollywood has always exaggerated the stories and myths about aliens and star wars. Movies like the Independence Day, The Island and Transformers are all mega budget movies that did wonderfully well on the box office. These movies are totally based on assumptions and creative imaginations of the director. There is very little or no truth in the story of these movies. Similarly Avatar and Twilight Saga are also characterization of novel characters and have very little rationale behind them. But still we see that these movies attracted and do attract millions of dollars worth of viewership each year. These lies fall under the category of out-and-out lies where the narrator has no or very little evidence to support whatever that has been said or shown. Using of lies and exaggeration is not an alien practice when it comes to marketing and advertising. Gimmicks such as psychological pricing, discounts, free sampling and personal selling are all aimed at deceiving the customers at large.

Time Management Case Study Final - 954 Words

TIME MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY FINAL (Q1)There is never enough time in the day. There are so many things to be done. We all live extremely busy lives with kids sports practice, time to exercise, fix dinner, and work all day long†¦..our days are so packed most of the time it is difficult to get anything extra done or worked in. In order to be organized and effective, we must practice and plan time management. With time management, we are able to use it as a skill or process of planning in order to make our limited amount of time best used. I chose this topic because of it’s versatility and one of the most important over-looked issues we face day to day. Everyone is always talking about how valuable their time is. We think of time in†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bain Company is the management consulting firm the world s business leaders come to when they want enduring results. Together, we find value across boundaries, develop insights to act on, and energize teams to sustain success. We re passionate about always doing the right thing for our clients, our people and our communities, even if it isn t easy.† (Q3) Bain Company speak a lot about Organizational Time Management and it’s effectiveness towards the amount of time spent on a task. They not only look at the time spent, but also who they spent that time with, and the type of interaction or engagement during that time. By digging deeper into the issue, they have established new capabilities in efforts to boost productivity, tracking of priorities, channels of communication and overall performance improvement. This company is able to evaluate and recognize weak areas of various businesses and help them improve in areas such as: measurement of employee time usage, eliminating unproductive meetings, reduce dysfunctional behaviors, and freeing up time for value creation. (Q4) Through my research I have come across the company of JCPenney multiple times. In recent months, the company’s CEO Ron Johnson has been under fire for his ideas and actions. After taking over JCPenney, he was quick to hire a team of outsiders like himself , costing over $170 million. He used this expenditure as â€Å"executive transition costs† as he would fly to corporate. Ron

Cross Cultural Issues Between China and Usa Free Essays

string(59) " the workforce consists of a diverse population of people\." Tourism and hospitality industry is a large industry where cross cultural incidents are always an issue. A comparative study between Chinese and American culture will be made in social and business context followed by a theoretical approach using cultural dimensions to explain the differences among the cultures. The results will be used to suggest and recommend methods to overcome cultural conflicts and tensions Contents 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Cross Cultural Issues Between China and Usa or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0Background2 2. 0Introduction3 3. 0Cultural awareness for tourism and hospitality4 4. 0 Background on China and United States of America6 5. Difference in social behaviour: Chinese and American Culture7 6. 0Difference in business behaviour: Chinese and American Culture10 7. 0Impacts on tourism and hospitality industry12 8. 0Conclusion13 References14 1. 0 Background The evolution of mankind since prehistoric ages has led to the diversity of people and how people live their lives in the 21st century. The existence of different human race and different environment is the reason why people are so different from one another. Their external environments mould them into what they have become as of today. The ongoing development and recollection of customs which a community conditions themselves into their lives and passing on to the next generation is culture. Culture is whereby a community, regardless of its size shares a way of life where they are associated together with common and distinctive characteristics, beliefs and activities (THE 101 PowerPoint Lecture 2 2011). On the other hand, Hofstede defined culture as the â€Å"collective mental programming of the human spirit that allows us to distinguish the members of one category in comparison with the members of another category† (Hofstede 2011). The basic element which makes up culture are such as history, religion, values, social organizations and language (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 2008). The mentioned elements are portrayed by means of language, food, buildings, houses, monuments, agriculture, shrines, market, fashions and art (Trompenaars 1997) The presence of massive amount of different culture suggests for the need of the study of cross cultural communications in order to understand and overcome cultural differences. The socialization of people is different and their perceptions are not necessarily in synch, therefore it is inevitable that there will be misinterpretation of other’s culture and behaviour (Cushner Brislin 1996). With the developments of new technology and information systems, the evolving populations and the rapid movement toward a global economy, â€Å"no nation, group, or culture can remain aloof or autonomous. † (Samovar, Porter McDaniel 2008). 2. Introduction The tourism and hospitality industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world and is expanding rapidly. The nature of this industry is considered to be one of the industries that has a direct relationship with cross cultural issues. This is because tourism and hospitality business involves the interaction of variety of people from different background where incidents of culture shock or misinterpretation of behaviours will happen. Cross cultural issue is an incident where two or more people of different culture meet, interact and results in a conflict of a certain degree. In order to avoid, resolve or improve the conflict, once has to anticipate and adapt to cultural differences by understanding them. Only then, it would be profitable to the whole business and reputation of a certain establishment. The world’s economic power house: China and United States of America. The mentioned countries are two of the most influential nations which have the ability to change the world. China has a very distinctive culture as they are one of the oldest civilisations compared to USA which is one of the youngest civilizations which promotes multiculturalism. China and USA were chosen as the main subject of discussion. Tourism and Hospitality industry is phenomenal in these two countries and it is interesting to have an insight on how people from both countries work hand in hand to seal a deal or complete a task despite their uncertain perceptions on each other. Social behaviour and business tiquettes between Chinese and Americans are very different and often will offend each other. The cultural dimensions of Hofstede and Trompenaars will be applied to evaluate the cultural difference between Chinese and Americans in later part of the discussion. These theories allow managers or relevant users to identify and rectify the problems that might have arisen due to a cultural clash. 3. 0Cultural awareness for tourism and hospitality The tourism and hospitality industry is ex pected to have a rise of 4. 2% in GDP per year which is estimated to reach US$9. trillion by 2021. On top of that, statistics shows that â€Å"10% of the worker on the planet will be employed in Travel Tourism and related sectors† (WTTC 2011 cited in LesRoches 2011). The world is ever-changing and globalization is taking place. Globalization is a worldwide integration and development of nations whereby all nations share a certain element in common. For instance, English is the most widely used language in the world where English is actually not the mother tongue for more than half of the world’s population. Nations are working together to produce a better tomorrow. However, it is also debated that globalization has led to the loss of individual cultural identities. Giles Middleton (2008:149) state that global tourism is not only about the economics of a worldwide industry but it involves â€Å"us in issues of identity and difference, representation, ‘heritage’ and history, and the transformation of geographical places into meaningful places. Tourism and hospitality industry as mentioned earlier on has direct contact with people from other cultures and they can be described as ‘crucial encounters† because the effectiveness of engagement and interaction between two cultures could determine whether the industry is going to be successful or not (Fitzgerald 2002). Therefore, the understanding of cultural difference is important in this aspect. Tourism and hospitality industry employed its human resources from all over the world to cater to the demand of answering the questions of cross cultural issues and cultural diversity. This phenomenon is most evident in international chains of luxury hotels where the workforce consists of a diverse population of people. You read "Cross Cultural Issues Between China and Usa" in category "Papers" For instance, majority of the guest relations officers in five star hotels are from different countries. This is to allow foreign guests to feel more comfortable and at ease because they are meeting someone of the same culture and speak the same language and is someone whom they can rely on during their stay. This greatly reduces the guest’s feeling of anxiety and distress while visiting a place that is foreign to them. This is especially true for Chinese and Japanese people where they took pride in their language and barely speaks a second language. From making a room reservation in Finland from India to flying across the globe from Chile to Africa, the industry is constantly bombarded by inquiries of different nature from each and every corner of the world. This raises the challenges of managing cultural diversity; internally and externally. The industry itself has a culturally diverse workforce which is employed to serve culturally diverse customers. In order to effectively manage cultural diversity, it is a demanding task for managers within the industry. It is a life-long learning process for an individual to negotiate his way through the complexity of cultural diversity in the world of work, community and in global contexts (Devine, Baum Hearns 2009). Therefore it is imperative that the industry need to address to the need of understanding and learning the importance of cultural differences in everyday needs. People who are involved in the tourism and hospitality industry need to be able to access to resources such as academic materials or formal/informal training which allow them to widen their perceptions of the relationship between social and cultural theory â€Å"(cultural difference, ethnicity, nationalism, cultural identity, cultural taboos, cultural shock, cultures colliding, equality and diversity)† and uses the theory and effectively apply to practice (Devine, Baum Hearns 2009). 4. 0 Background on China and United States of America China or known as People’s Republic of China is a huge nation located in mid Asia with a staggering population of 1. 2 billion which accounts for 20% of the earth’s population (Fitzgerald, 2002). China is divided into twenty two provinces, five autonomous regions, three municipalities and Beijing as the capital city (Morrison Conaway 2006). The predominant religion is Buddhism and language spoken is Mandarin. United States of America is federal democratic republic that has an approximate population of 260 million. It is divided into forty eight contiguous states with Washington D. C as its capital. The people in China referred as Chinese and Americans the case of United States of America. Both countries boast a rich history and cultural background that led to their success at present. China and USA shares a unique symbiotic relationship where the factors which affect this relationship are economic, strategic, diplomatic and cultural elements (Zhu 2002). There has been a dilemma regarding USA regard China as its partner or enemy. Chinese culture has been evolving until present since 4000 years ago as recorded in history of mankind. Undoubtedly, it shows that Chinese culture is very distinctive and unique compared to the American culture. American culture has more diversity in terms of its culture or in another word, multiculturalism. The population in United States of America is a melting pot of various ethnic groups with large minority of Asians, Afro-Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans . There is no mainstream culture that dominates USA but it is a lot similar to the other English speaking dominant countries (Fitzgerald, 2002). 5. Difference in social behaviour: Chinese and American Culture In general, the initial thought of an individual when it comes to Chinese food culture is probably going to be the consumption of dog meat which is considered to be a barbaric act according to a lot of cultures. On the other hand, when it comes to American culture, the initial thought would pretty much be fast food and obesity. In terms of general behaviour, Chinese are generally considered to be loud, rude and impat ient and on the opposite aspect, an American behaves suavely and politely. Hooker argued that according to a westerner, India on the upfront looks alien but within the culture, it has a considerable amount of cultural ties with western culture. On the other hand, China may seem to be quite similar on the upfront, but he found out that the Chinese culture is alien to him (Hooker, 2003). The culture in United States of America can be classified as western culture where it focuses on internalized universalizing rationality. Meanwhile, in Chinese culture, the Confucian culture is predominantly instilled within the Chinese (Hooker, 2003). Confucianism is a philosophy which was developed by famous Chinese scholar named Confucius 2,000 years ago. He developed a rigid ethical and moral system that governs all relationships and emphasised that family is the basic unit of a society city (Morrison Conaway 2006). The Chinese culture also put a lot of emphasis on filial piety which is the utmost care and attention dedicated to one’s parents regardless of any circumstances. Moreover, they pay a significant attention towards their extended families. In USA, where the ideals are concentrated on Puritanism, liberalism, individualism and republicanism, they put less emphasis on the family while concentrating more on individual developments and rights. From this difference, the cultural dimensions formulated by Professor Hofstede which states the differences is the notion of individualism versus collectivism. LEGENDS PDI: Power Distance IDV: Individualism MAS: Masculinity UAI: Uncertainty Avoidance LTO: Long term orientation LEGENDS PDI: Power Distance IDV: Individualism MAS: Masculinity UAI: Uncertainty Avoidance LTO: Long term orientation Figure 1 Difference in cultural dimensions between China and United States of America (ITIM 2009) Figure 1 Difference in cultural dimensions between China and United States of America (ITIM 2009) The model above shows the level of individualism of both countries. It is evident that there is a huge gap between USA and China which indeed proves that the general assumptions of the cultures and the scientific research coincide with each other. In an individualistic society (USA), people tend to take more interest in individualistic matters compared to a group. China has a high low score in individualism as they considered themselves to be collectivist, focusing on group activities and cherish social ties. Trompenaars’ culture dimensions of individualism versus communitarianism can also be used to explain the difference in social behaviour. Therefore children tend to depend on their parents more even until adulthood. Even when a child grew up to become an adult and is making contribution to the society, he or she will still remain faithful to the parents. In American culture, a person over the age of 18 is seen as an adult and is expected to be able to release from their parents and fend for themselves. Another social behaviour that is worth to look at is the short term orientation and the long term orientation. Culture that exhibits long term orientation tends to be oriented towards the future. As seen from the model above, China is clearly a country with high score for dimensions of long-term orientation compared to USA. This means that in general, Chinese people think more into the future than Americans do. For example, Chinese people favour large savings and money for investments as they feel secure if they have it. They do not see leisure time as important as Americans did where younger Americans or working Americas focuses on going to parties and spent what they earned to enjoy life as much as they can which is different from the Chinese culture. Therefore, if an American would like to invite a Chinese to a party, a typical Chinese may have to consider. â€Å"Do I have to go? Should I spend the money on more useful items instead of parties? Even though the model does not show a big difference in terms of masculinity and femininity, the Chinese mind still favours male over female. In the history of Chinese culture, male is regarded as more superior to female in the past where it has change dramatically after the government structure changes into a republican constitution. Even though women are purported to have the same status as men but in terms of economic and social inequalities, women are still at a disadvantage. This phenomenon could be easily identified in the case of favouritism of a baby boy rather than a girl when giving birth. This is mainly due to the ‘one child policy’ adopted by the Chinese government to prevent the country from being over-populated (Morrison Conaway 2006). 6. 0Difference in business behaviour: Chinese and American Culture China and United States of America is the economic powerhouse of the world. Both countries have been cooperating with each other ever since the world war ended. At present, USA has huge debt to China that creates a weird tension between both countries. However, they have constantly and mutually helped each other at difficult times. When it comes to business term, both cultures stand at very different position. Hofstede’s cultural dimension on power distance is the degree of accepting the fact that power is distributed unequally. The model suggests that power distance in China is much higher compared to USA. Hierarchy in China is seen as a normal phenomenon where age and titles are very well respected. An American company representative will have to acknowledge this aspect if he wants to seal a deal with a Chinese company. Given that American culture focuses on equality, and they may have been used to the business culture back in the states where opinions and disagreement could be expressed to superiors, it will be very wrong to do the same to a typical Chinese as they regard it as intrusion of power, Trompenaars’ theory of specific versus diffuse can also be used to explain the difference in the business setting between a Chinese and American. In a specific oriented culture, the â€Å"work relationship is insulated from other dealings. † (THE101 PowerPoint Lecture 7 2011). This means that in an organisation or business dealing, work and private life relationships are distinctively separated from each other. This will create a fair working environment where bias and prejudice are eliminated to the minimum. This is true in the business culture of an American. In Chinese culture, a subordinate may have developed a special relationship with their superior. The superior may have a significant status to the subordinate. This is known as a diffuse culture and China is part of it. â€Å"Guan Xi† is regarded as very important in Chinese culture. â€Å"Guan Xi† literally means relationships. In another term, it is networking. Often, Chinese try their best to network as much as possible with potential clients or bosses in order to secure a benefit in the future such as a better position in working environment or favouritism. This ideal may seemed far-fetched to USA which emphasised on equal opportunities of work, but in Chinese culture it is regarded as normal and essential. Negotiation is an important part of a business deal. In order for an American to partner together for a business purpose, there is a need to understand a general business practice from both culture perspectives to attain a win-win situation. Business deal is done very quickly and do not need many meetings to agree on a deal. These are mostly done prior to the meeting and one can expect an American to bring the final contract to the first meeting. In the case of a Chinese, it is completely different. Chinese will drag negotiations until the very end to gain an advantage. Chinese are very careful when it comes to business matters and they expect to establish a positive relationship between themselves (Morrison Conaway 2006). Trompenaars investigated into cultural dimensions of sequential versus synchronic. In a sequential oriented society, schedule of a person is very tight, regard time as money and is very systematic. In the scenario of negotiation, a typical American business man is most like to desire a quick negotiation as they are often impatient. On the contrary, Chinese is synchronic oriented where they value time less tends to negotiate slowly as their notion is â€Å"slow and steady wins the race†. Hierarchy is respected in the Chinese culture. In a business context, it is normal to expect to make business presentations to many different groups at different levels. As mentioned earlier in the model of Hofstede’s cultural dimentions, the power distance in China is far greater than USA and explains this particular situation. 7. 0Impacts on tourism and hospitality industry Notable international American hotel chains such as Marriott, Ritz Carlton, and Accor have numerous properties around the world and especially in China. However, with such a big portfolio of hotels how do the companies manage the impacts of cultural diversity within their establishments? The companies have actually developed their own culture where employees of the company are expected to honour it. They are such as the philosophy and mission statement of a company. For example, one of the manifesto of Shangri-la Hotels for their employee is â€Å"We are family†. This suggests to the employee that all members of Shangri-la are treated as family and there is no segregation of rights which is related to Hofstede’s power distance. The development of company culture is an effective method in addressing cross cultural issues within the workforce. American tourism and hospitality companies have a lot of expansion projects going on in China as china is becoming the superpower of the 21st century. The cultural difference between Chinese culture and American culture is huge. In order for American companies to sustain in the Chinese market, the American companies will not be able to complete infused the typical American culture into establishment in China. Both parties will have to find a solution that they agree to each other. In the context of an American who is on a business trip to China, if the relevant employees know a lot about American culture, he will: * Make sure everything (room, transportation and etc. ) has been prepared for him before arrival as Americans are always in a hurry and want to accomplish task as soon and as effective as possible. (sequential versus synchronic) * Make sure a range of technological products are readily available to them if they need it. (General business practices of an American) 8. 0Conclusion Culture has been changing and evolving with the flow of time. Understanding cultural difference is crucial in the 21st century when doing business or socialising with people. Humans are conditioned to their own culture for too long and may be subjected to culture shock when they are bombarded by abnormal cultures not of their own. The growth of the tourism and hospitality industry is evident and relevant agencies working in this industry will have to learn and understand cultural differences to contribute to a better industry. The culture of China and United States of America are very different. In social context, the Chinese culture differs very greatly from Americans in terms of its power distance, short and long term orientation and individualism according to Hofstede’s theories of cultural dimensions. In business context, the difference in between the two culture are more accessed by Trompernaars’s theories of specific versus diffuse and sequential versus synchronic. The cross cultural issue between Chinese and Americans has an impact towards the tourism and hospitality industry whereby both parties will have to compromise with each other to How to cite Cross Cultural Issues Between China and Usa, Papers

A Streetcar Named Desire Analysis free essay sample

A Streetcar Named Desire A Streetcar Named Desire is one of the most significant plays of the twentieth century. This classic play tells the story of Blanche DuBois, a woman who moves in with her sister after she loses her plantation, and depicts her tumultuous journey into lunacy. As the viewer follows Blanche on her journey two major themes are significantly explored; dependence on men and escapism. Throughout the course of the play these themes move the plot forward and drive Blanche’s story. In the course of A Streetcar Named Desire Blanche illustrates various forms of dependence on men. The viewer first observes Blanche exhibit this theme after it is discovered that her husband killed himself. The loss motivates Blanche to move into the Hotel Tarantula where she invites various men into her room to spend the night. Blanche believes that having a man immediately builds her sense of self worth and brings her happiness. We will write a custom essay sample on A Streetcar Named Desire Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A quote that perfectly illustrates Blanche’s dependence on men take place near the end of the play on page 142 when Blanche states to the people transporting her to the asylum â€Å"Whoever you are-I have always depended on the kindness of strangers†. This quote is an example of how much Blanche relies on other people, in particularly men, to help move her life forward. The dependency of women on men was prominent at the time the play was published and many females relied on men for financial security and emotional fulfillment. The writing of this play was Tennessee Williams’ way of criticizing that ideal. Escapism is an additional theme that Williams heavily examines in A Streetcar Named Desire. This theme is explored throughout the course of the novel and we the viewer often experience fantasy conflicting with reality in the various quarrels between whimsy Blanche and pragmatic Stanley. An example of this theme occurs when Blanche’s husband kills himself and she loses her families plantation. Blanche’s response to her struggles is to flee into drunkenness and a fantasy world of her own fabrication. Blanche also flees into escapism after Mitch tells her that he won’t marry her and she makes up an extravagant story about a past man who was going to pick her up and take her on a cruise. Blanche states to Stanley on page 126 that â€Å"This man is a gentlemen and he respects me. What he wants is my companionship. Having great wealth sometimes makes people lonely! A cultivated woman, a woman of intelligence and breeding, can enrich a man’s life-immeasurably†! Blanche’s attempts to recreate herself fail in the face of a cruel reality she can’t escape. Tennessee Williams uses his play to examine the tension between fantasy and reality and the tragic results of escapism. In conclusion, A Streetcar Named Desire is a play heavy with the major issues of dependency on men and escapism. Tennessee Williams utilizes both these themes in his play to criticize the American values of the 1940’s. A Streetcar Named Desire is a call for change in a society that Williams viewed as desperately in need of transformation.